Pests and diseases in various crops
Paddy

Blast
Symptoms –
Irregular spots with dark reddish brown margins & gray center
Big irregular patches on leaves
Remedy –
Bordogold 5 gm per liter water.

Brown SPOT
Sugarcane

Blast
Symptoms –
The spindle leaves (3rd & 14th) display drying. At a later stage, stalks become discoloured and hollow.
Acervuli (black fruiting bodies) develop on rind and nodes. After splitting open the diseased stalk, a sour smell emanates.
The internal tissues are reddened with intermingled transverse white spots.
Remedy –
Bordogold 5 gm & Ajinkya’s Fusion 5 ml per liter water.

Sugarcane Wilt

Grassy shoOt
Grape

Downy Mildew
Symptoms –
The fungus is an obligate pathogen which can attack all green parts of the vine.
Symptoms of this disease are frequently confused with those of powdery mildew. Infected leaves develop pale yellow-green lesions which gradually turn brown. Severely infected leaves often drop prematurely.
Infected petioles, tendrils and shoots often curl, develop a shepherd’s crook, and eventually turn brown and die.
Young berries are highly susceptible to infection and are often covered with white fruiting structures of the fungus. Infected older berries of white cultivars may turn dull gray-green, whereas those of black cultivars turn pinkish red.
Remedy –
Bordogold 5 gm + Ajinkya’s Fusion 5 ml per liter water. Accordingly, 5 sprays should be alternated after transfusion, alternating at 12 intervals.

Powdery Mildew

Bacterial Leaf Spot
Symptoms –
The young growing shoots are affected first. Disease infects leaves, shoots and berries. The symptoms appear as minute water soaked spots on the lower surface of the leaves along the main and lateral veins.
Later on these spots coalesce and form larger patches. Brownish black lesions are formed on the berries, which later become small and shriveled.
Remedy –
Bactophor 0.5 gm per liter water.
Pomogranate

Alternaria Fruit Spot
Small raddish brown circular spots appear on the fruit.
As the disease advance these spots coalesce to form larger patches & fruits start rotting.
Remedy –
Ajinkya’s Fusion 5 ml + Pacifier 0.3 ml per liter water & Bordogold 5 gm per liter water.

Bacterial Fruit Blight
Tomato

Damping Off
Symptoms –
Damping off of tomato occurs in two stages, i.e. the pre-emergence and the post-emergence phase.
In the pre-emergence the phase the seedlings are killed just before they reach the soil surface.
The young radical and the plumule are killed and there is complete rotting of the seedlings.
The post-emergence phase is characterized by the infection of the young, juvenile tissues of the collar at the ground level.
The infected tissues become soft and water soaked. The seedlings topple over or collapse.
Remedy –
Bordogold 5 gm per liter water.

Septoria leaf spot
Less vigorous plant are usually affected.
Small, round to irregular spots with a grey center and dark margin on leaves.
Spots usually start on lower leaves and gradually advance upwards.
Spots coalesce and leaves are blighted.
Complete defoliation of affected leaves.
Stems and flowers are sometimes attacked.
Fruits are rarely attacked.
Remedy – Bactophor 0.5 gm per liter water.

Bacterial stem and fruit canker
Chili

Bacterial Leaf spot
Symptoms –
The leaves exhibit small, circular or irregular, dark brown or black greasy spots. As the spots enlarge in size, the centre becomes lighter surrounded by a dark band of tissue. On the fruits, round, raised water soaked spots with a pale yellow border are produced.
Remedy –
Bactophor 0.5 gm per liter water.

Bacterial Wilt

Anthracnose
Capsicum

Bacterial Leaf spot
Symptoms –
The leaves exhibit small, circular or irregular, dark brown or black greasy spots. As the spots enlarge in size, the centre becomes lighter surrounded by a dark band of tissue. On the fruits, round, raised water soaked spots with a pale yellow border are produced.
Remedy –
Bactophor 0.5 gm per liter water.

Bacterial Wilt
Onion

Iris yellow spot
Symptoms –
Iris yellow spot virus are often seen as a cream, elliptical spots on the leaves. The spots also appear on onion scapes or flower stalks of onions.
As both infected leaves and scapes age, they can collapse at the site of the spots. The Spots Although the spots may be at first being insignificant, the disease has the potential of devastating the whole crop.
Remedy –
Ajinkya’s Velvet 5 ml per liter water.

Onion yellow dwarf disease
Potato

Septoria leaf spot
Symptoms –
Less vigorous plants, small, round to unregular spots with a graycenter and dark margin on leaves spots, at later stage spot and leaves are blighted. Completed Stems and flowers are sometimes attacked. Fruits are rarely attacked Less vigorous plants.
Remedy –
Bactophor 0.5 gm per liter water.

Black scurf / Canker
Symptoms –
Rhizoctonia canker occurs when the stolons contact soil borne fungal bodies.
Pathogen infects plant tissue and causes stolon blinding thus reducing tuber production and yield.
It also causes infects tubers causing black scurf but this is purely cosmetic, reduces tuber appearance and does not reduce yield.
Remedy –
Bordogold 5 gm per liter water. Besides Ajinkya’s Fusion 5 ml + 0.3 ml Pacifier per liter water.

Late blight
BRinjal

Damping Off
Symptoms –
On leaf stunning & yellowing of foliage and finaly collapse of the entire plant.
Remedy –
Bordogold 5 gm per liter water.

Leaf Spot
Symptoms –
The disease symptoms are characterized by chlorotic lesion, angular to irregular in shape, later turning greyish-brown. Severely infected leaves drop off prematurely, resulting in reduced fruit yield.
Remedy – Ajinkya’s Fusion 5 ml + Pacifier 0.3 ml per liter water Besides Bordogold 5 gm per liter water.
Okra

Powdery Mildew
Symptoms –
Powdery white covering on leaves patches may coalesce to cover entire plant; if plant is heavily infected leaves may roll upward and appear scorched.
Remedy –
Bordogold 5 gm + Ajinkya’s Fusion 5 ml per liter water.

Fusarium Wilt
Symptoms –
Wilting of cotyledons and seedling leaves; cotyledons become chlorotic at the edges and then necrotic; older plants exhibit symptoms of wilting and leaf chlorosis; wilting is usually gradual but may be pronounced after heavy summer rain; If infection is severe and can be killed; The vascular system of infected plants becomes discolored and can be seen.
Remedy – Ajinkya’s Fusion 5 ml + Pacifier 2 ml per liter water.
Cucumber

Leaf spot
Symptoms –
Small, yellow-brown spots with a yellow or green halo which first appears on the oldest leaves; As the disease progresses, lesions expand and become large necrotic patches, often with concentric Patternation lesions coalesce, leaves begin to curl and finally die.
Remedy –
Bordogold 5 gm & Ajinkya’s Fusion 5 ml per liter water. It should also spray the Pacifier 0.3 ml in water at 10 days interval.

Squash Mosaic

Anthracnose
Symptoms –
Brown roughly circular lesions with yellow edges on leaves, petioles, stems and / or fruit; lesions on resistant varieties appear tan with green edges; Dry out.
Remedy – Bordogold 5 gm & Ajinkya’s Fusion 5 ml per liter water. It should also spray the Pacifier 0.3 ml in water at 10 days interval.

Downey mildew
Symptoms –
Fluffy purplish mildew on underside of leaves; yellow spots.
Remedy –
Ajinkya’s Fusion 5 ml + Bordogold 5 gm per liter water.
Watermelon

Aphid and Thrips
Symptoms –
They suck the sap from the leaves resulting in yellowing and dropping of leaves. Thrips results in curling of leaves, leaves become cup shaped or curved upward.
Remedy –
If infestation is observed in field, to control spray the crop with Thiamethoxam@5gm/15Ltr of water. If infestation of sucking pest and powdery/downy mildew is observed, take spray of Thiamethoxam and 15days after spraying, spray with Dimethoate@250ml + Tridemorph@100ml/200Ltr of water.

Fruit fly
Symptoms –
It is serious pest. Females lay eggs below epidermis of young fruits. Later on maggots feed on pulp afterward fruits starts rotting.
Remedy – Remove and destroyed infected fruits away from field. If infestation is observed, at initial stage take spray of Neem seed kernal extracts @50gm/Ltr of water. Take spray of Malathion @300ml + Jaggery @100gm in 200litre of water 3-4times at 10 days interval.

Anthracnose
Symptoms –
Anthracnose affected foliage appears scorched appearance.
Remedy –
As a preventive measure, treat seed with Carbendazim@2gm/kg of seed. If infestation is observed in field, take spray of Mancozeb@400gm or Carbendazim@400gm/200liter of water.

Powdery Mildew

Sudden wilt
Symptoms –
It can affect crop at any stage. Plant get weak and give yellow appearance at initial stage, in severe infestation complete wilting is observed.
Remedy – Avoid water logging in field. Destroy infected parts away from field. Apply Trichoderma Viride@1kg/acre mixed with 20kg FYM or Well decomposed Cowdung. If infestation is observed, take spray of Mancozeb or Copper Oxychloride@400gm/200liter or Carbendazim or Thiophanate-methyl@200gm/200liter of water.

Leaf Miner
Symptoms –
Maggots of leaf miner feed on leaf and make serpentine mines into leaf. It affects the photosynthesis and fruit formation.
Remedy –
If infestation of leaf miner is observed, spray of Abamectin@6ml/15Ltr of water should be done to get rid of leaf miner.
Wheat

Aphids

Termite
Symptoms – Termites attack the crop at various growth stages, from seedlings to maturity. The severely damaged plants can be easily uprooted and look wilted and dried. In case roots are partially damaged, the plants show yellowing.
Remedy – To control broadcast 1 Ltr of Chlorpyriphos 20 EC mix with 20 kg sand/acre then applies a light irrigation.

Flag smut
Symptoms –
It is seed borne disease. Infection spread through wind. It is favoured by cool, humid conditions during flowering period of the host plant.
Remedy –
Treat the seed with fungicides like carboxyl (Vitavax 75 WP @ 2.5 gm/kg of seeds), Carbendazim(Bavistin 50 WP)@2.5 gm/kg seed), Tebuconazole(Raxil 2 DS)@1.25 gm/kg of seed) if the disease level in the seed lot is high. If it is low to moderate, treat the seed with a combination of Trichoderma viride@4 gm/kg seed and half the recommended dose of Carboxin(Vitavax 75 WP)@1.25 gm/kg seed.

Powdery Mildew

Karnal bunt

Brown rust
Symptoms –
It is favoured by warm temperatures (15-30° C) and humid conditions. Brown rust is characterized by reddish- brown spores that occur in oval or elongated pustules. The disease can develop rapidly when free moisture is available and temperatures are near 20° C. Successive generations of urediospores can be produced every 10-14 days if conditions are favourable.
Remedy –
For control of this disease, follow mixed cropping with suitable crops. Avoid excessive use of Nitrogen fertilizer. Spray Zineb Z-78@400 gm/acre or Propiconazole@2ml/Litre of water.

Stripe/Yellow rust
Symptoms –
The ideal growth conditions for yellow rust are temperatures of between 8-13° C for spore germination and penetration, and 12-15° C for further development and with free water. The yield penalties from yellow rust in wheat can range from 5% to as high as 30% in high disease pressure scenarios. The pustules of stripe rust, which, contain yellow to orange-yellow urediospores, usually form narrow stripes on the leaves.
Remedy –
For control of this disease, use rust resistant variety. Follow crop rotation and adopt mix cropping pattern. Avoid excess use of Nitrogen. When symptom observed, do dusting of Sulphur @5-10 kg/acre or take spray of Mancozeb @ 2 gm/Ltr or spray the crop with Propiconazole (Tilt) 25 EC @2 ml / litre of water.